Empowering women entrepreneurs in developing economies: a model for building an equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem in Egypt
Abstract
This study introduces the WEMPOWERMENT Model, conceptualizing empowerment as a three-stage journey. The first stage outlines key preconditions at the personal, social and ecosystem levels. The second stage captures empowerment processes through material, cognitive, relational and perceptual transformative changes, expressed as empowerment “within,” “over,” “to” and “with” on individual, organizational and community levels. The third stage defines empowerment outcomes through a multidimensional understanding of success that integrates qualitative and quantitative indicators. The findings are translated into targeted recommendations for building more equitable entrepreneurial ecosystems in Egypt and comparable developing and emerging economies.
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